Massachusetts Files Suit Against US Over Gay Marriage Benefits

Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley has filed a lawsuit against the US government in Federal Court seeking Federal marriage benefits for the approximately 16,000 gay and lesbian couples who have legally wed in Massachusetts over the past five years. The state is challenging the constitutionality of the Clinton-era Federal 1996 Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), arguing that the law denies "essential rights and protections" to same-sex couples who have married since Massachusetts became the first state in the nation to legalize gay weddings back in 2004. The suit mirrors a similar suit filed by gay and lesbian couples back in March.

"In enacting DOMA, Congress overstepped its authority, undermined states' efforts to recognize marriages between same-sex couples, and codified an animus toward gay and lesbian people," the state's 32-page complaint said. More from Reuters:

The state is challenging the constitutionality of the federal 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, saying the law denies "essential rights and protections" to same-sex couples who have married since Massachusetts became the first state in the nation to legalize gay weddings in 2004.

The federal law interferes with the state's "sovereign authority to define and regulate marriage," according to the suit filed in federal court in Boston. It calls the law "overreaching and discriminatory."

The suit is the latest skirmish over gay marriage in the U.S. federal court system after handful of political filmmakers led by a Democratic consultant crafted a gay rights challenge in May that they hope will reach the U.S. Supreme Court.

It also follows a separate lawsuit filed by a group of married gay couples in Massachusetts in March that also challenged the same portion of the Defense of Marriage Act that defines marriage as a legal union between a man and a woman.

Although Massachusetts and five other U.S. states have authorized gay marriage, same-sex couples who are legally married in those states cannot access the federal protections and programs granted to straight married couples.

The Defense of Marriage Act, or DOMA, denies gay and lesbian couples access to more than 1,000 federal programs and legal protections, gay rights advocates say.

Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley, who filed the suit, cited several benefits denied gay couples, including federal income tax credits, employment and retirement benefits, health insurance coverage, and Social Security payments.

"We view all married persons equally," Coakley told a news conference.

Your thoughts? Is it preferable to have DOMA overturned in the courts or by Congress? Another question to consider is how will the Obama DOJ respond?

Update [2009-7-8 22:35:43 by Charles Lemos]: The story in the Boston Globe.

Tags: doma, LGBT Issues, Massachusetts AG Martha Coakley (all tags)

Comments

41 Comments

Yeah Martha!!!!!

I am damn proud of Martha Coakley. She's bright, articulate, witty, smart, and progressive. I am proud that Massachusetts is leading the way, again, on this issue.

It's about time someone took this to the federal courts to make same sex marriage the law of the land, just as we have for other forms of discrimination. Hopefully, the other "free" states will join in this case and bring greater weight to bear. I know nothing of the law here. I am eager to watch the rightwingnuts argue against states rights on this one.

Thank you Martha Coakley. The Anti-Palin.

by meddembob 2009-07-08 01:16PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US =

Oh boy... The Obama administration will be obligated to defend the law, and there will be tons of screaming and hollering about him not abdicating his constitutional duties...  Oy!

by LordMike 2009-07-08 01:35PM | 0 recs
Not exactly.

The Obama administration is selective about the laws it chooses to enforce.  It doesn't have to defend this law unless it wants to burnish Obama's centrist credentials.

by psychodrew 2009-07-08 01:49PM | 0 recs
Re: Not exactly.

There is a difference between enforcing a law (i.e. actively prosecuting), and defending a law in court.  The former allows for discretion.  If a plaintiff files suit against the government, the government has a constitutional duty to provide a defense...  They don't have the same discretion that one has when say, prosecuting a case, because they are on the defense.

The government can't just not show up...  The adversarial system of justice requires that both sides be represented.

by LordMike 2009-07-08 02:26PM | 0 recs
Re: Not exactly.

What is this constitutional duty?

by orestes 2009-07-08 04:14PM | 0 recs
Re: Not exactly.

I assume from your failure to respond you have not come up with this so-called constitutional duty.  That is because there is none.  Try to refrain from making statements of fact without any basis for doing so.

by orestes 2009-07-09 10:10AM | 0 recs
Re: Not exactly.

Not only is there no duty to defend the case, but even if the govt wins at trial, the AG can decide to concede the case on appeal.  That said, the chances of MA winning this case are not good.  As strong as the moral argument for equality is, the legal argument is not really there.  I would put more faith in Obama and the Congress in advancing equal rights than I would in the judiciary doing it for us.  If nothing else though, the case shows Martha Coakley rocks and that MA is serious about protecting the rights of its citizens.

by DreamsOfABlueNation 2009-07-09 05:49PM | 0 recs
Re: Not exactly.

There is no constitutional duty to defend a law by the Presidency in the courts.

by bruh3 2009-07-08 05:09PM | 0 recs
Re: Not exactly.

Why does the administration enforce DADT, but not the offensive immigration law?

by psychodrew 2009-07-08 05:31PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US =

Well, he could easily avoid all of that nastiness if he would show leadership and push congress to over turn the present law.  

by realtarheel 2009-07-08 03:00PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

DOJ should defend the US in the suit as it is obliged to do. It was a statute passed by Congress and signed into law by the President -- the two political branches that represent the people.

Merit aside, the political landscape in this country is embracing same sex marriage. Now is not the time to draw the federal courts -- currently very conservative federal court system -- into the fray.

by Matt42 2009-07-08 01:43PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

I applaud this move.  I think the more pressure on the Obama administration to fulfill its campaign promises on the issues of DOMA and DADT the better. Obama has been selective in what he chooses to prosecute. Let's see what happens here.

by linfar 2009-07-08 02:06PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

We celebrate Brown vs. Board of Education and Rose vs. Wade, but gays are told that our issues are best handled in the legislative branch.

by psychodrew 2009-07-08 02:19PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

And in both cases, the government was forced to defend bad laws.... I think you forget the fact that the DOJ can't just lay down and not show up to court when facing a challenge...  That would be judicial malpractice on their part.

Both sides must be represented by counsel...  You can't be selective when the case comes to you, you can only be selective when the situation goes the other way....

by LordMike 2009-07-08 02:28PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

The govt was not forced or required to defend bad law prior to Brown. It choose to do so. There is a difference between doign something due to social norms (which I believe is your point) and legally mandated requirements (which is what you keep attempting to raise the social beliefs to the level of).

by bruh3 2009-07-08 05:12PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

First, you misunderstood my comment.  I wasn't talk about Obama.  I was talking about those individuals who praise those court decisions as victories for equality and then turn around and say that gays should pursue equality through the court system.  There are those who say this is not the right time for a DOMA challenge because of the make-up of the court system.  I wouldn't necessarily disagree with that.  But I have a big problem with those who tell us to wait for Congress to give us equality.

As for your argument, I ask, was the federal government a defendant in either of those cases?  Did President Eisenhower come out in favor of ending segregation?  Was Richard Nixon pro-choice?

Although the administration used your "we had no choice defense" with the offensive, homophobic DOMA brief, not every buys it.  Richard Socarides, a former Clinton administration official, wrote a post for AMERICAblog arguing that the administration's hand weren't necessarily tied.

I was equally troubled by the administration's explanation that they had no choice but to defend the law. As an attorney and as someone who was directly involved in giving advice on such matters to another president (as a Special Assistant for civil rights to President Bill Clinton), I know that this is untrue.

No matter what the president's personal opinion, administration officials now tell us that the US Department of Justice (DOJ) must defend the laws on the books, and must advance all plausible arguments in doing so. Thus, the theory goes, the DOJ was just following the normal rules in vigorously defending the anti-gay law.

I know and accept the fact that one of the Department of Justice's roles is to (generally) defend the law against constitutional attack. But not in all cases, certainly not in this case - and not in this way. To defend this brief is to defend the indefensible.

by psychodrew 2009-07-08 05:19PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

Actually, the Federal Gov't made no arguments in either BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION or ROE v. WADE since no Federal statute was involved. Lawyers represented the Board of Education and the Texas Attorney General, respectively.

My only problem with having this end up in court is that for every BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION, there's at least one PLESSY v. FERGUSON (or worse, DRED SCOTT).

But it is true that the Dept. of Justice ALMOST NEVER declines to defend a Federal Statute. For a detailed look at this issue, check out http://hunterforjustice.typepad.com/hunt er_of_justice/2009/06/when-does-justice- department-decline-to-defend-statutes.ht ml which was written when a same-sex couple from California challenged DoMA about a month ago.

As much as DoMA sucks, I'd not support declining to argue it in court because (a) just because DoJ doesn't argue it doesn't mean the challenge would prevail (likely it will, sad to say), and (b) Given the Executive Branch duty to enforce the laws passed by Congress and duly signed into law, I don't believe it is proper for the President or DoJ to decide which laws on the books they will and won't enforce on any given day.

Taken to an extreme it would render the law-making process almost irrelevant if Presidents start ignoring laws they don't like on a large scale, BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY, if the Executive Branch decides to stop enforcing a collection of laws, eventually somebody or some entity will take the Gov't to court and tie them up in litigation in an effort to force enforcement, potentially bogging down any administration's efforts to do anything but spend their term of office in court.

I wholeheartedly support equal same-sex marriage rights and don't really care if they come about via courts or legislation - whatever works fastest and is most impregnable against efforts to reverse such rights.

It sounds good and would make a symbolic statement if the DoJ just refused to argue the case, but it wouldn't guarantee a decision against DoMA, and any progress made by an Executive Branch refusal to argue against or enforce the law would itself be too easily assailed and reversed on at least a legal basis.

by RecoveringRepublican 2009-07-08 10:38PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

Just to clarify, I'm not entirely sure what happens with regard to a court case that DoJ refuses to argue, but I'm fairly certain that as in any criminal or civil case, the Prosecution/Plaintiff doesn't automatically receive a positive verdict or any/all requested remedies (for a civil case) just because no opposing arguments are made.

by RecoveringRepublican 2009-07-08 10:43PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

Whether or not the DOJ chooses not to argue for upholding a law has not generally in the rare circumstances determined outcome from what I can tell. The problem here is that people don't seem to appreciate that the judiciary is a co-equal branch. It no more has to follow the President than the President has to agree with a veto override by Congress where he or she believes such a veto is unconstitional. The remedy is the S.Ct. That's why this discussion to me is off. The reality is that if we truly believe in co equal branches of government- that means certain things are self evidently true. if we required, for example, the executive to robotically follow any veto override without regard to whether a law is constitutional, that would lead to an absurd result. So, it must be the case, as the legal analysis does point out, that an executive is not forced to uphold an unconstitutional law or required to argue in favor of it. Any other view leads to absurdity.

by bruh3 2009-07-08 11:38PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

a more extrme example i can think of is where if the congress votes to override habeus corpus, and the president vetos, but the congress overrided the veto. in such a situation, the president is not required to argue in favor of the law. similarly, if according to equal protection jurisprudence a president believes that a law violates the 5th amendment, he can ask the courts (since he is the the ultimate determinant of constitutional) to decide the issue. any other rule again- leads to absurdity. That he or she must defend a law they find to be a violation of the equal proteciton clause as a  matter of formal circumstances rather than substantive truth about their beliefs. in such a circumstance as requiring rote defendse, the president is then a subordinate to the congress.

by bruh3 2009-07-08 11:45PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

I'm fine with the "now is not the right time" argument.  Emily Bazelon at Slate was making that argument a few weeks ago.  She felt it was too early for a court challenge and that DOMA would probably be upheld in the current court system.

What I am not okay with is people who say that gays shouldn't pursue their issues in the court system because it should be handled in the legislature.

by psychodrew 2009-07-09 05:52AM | 0 recs
here's the thing...

how can we know if "now is not the right moment?"  did anyone anticipate what happened in iowa?  also, tactically, moving in multiple fronts makes it easier to win.  don't put your eggs all in one basket, so to speak.  i guess the question i'd have for those who oppose challenging these laws in the courts would be: what are you afraid of?  there is nothing to risk/lose and much to gain...

by bored now 2009-07-09 06:12AM | 0 recs
We don't

No one figured Iowa would happen, but then again no one could have guessed the New York Court of Appeals would NOT rule in favor of marriage equality.

by DTOzone 2009-07-09 08:14AM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

Exactly right position to take. It is a matter of strategy, not artificially setting up rules about what avenues are allowable or not based on what seems to be either issues over equality for gays or how it might affect politicians.

by bruh3 2009-07-09 08:33AM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

These arguments pitting the legislative branch against the judiciary (in areas that are the historic duty of the judiciary) are actually conservative arguments that liberals have bought into because of the pushing of the overton window over the years. I wonder sometimes when I am reading them how much people know fo the history of the judiciary or its role.

I was lucky. I had a professor who was a constitutional historical scholar who spent a great deal of time going over that role and requiring us to understand the complexity of trying to figure out what the courts should and should not do.

But we have been taught to think in black and white.  It's not just with gay rights. It's the overall thesis that people really do not appreciate or understand the role of the courts outside of being told for 40 years that they are activist if they do anything beyond protecting the constitution. The problem of course is that such language is meaningless. Since, the job of the court is to decide what is or is not consitutional. That's not a matter of plugging in the answers.

by bruh3 2009-07-08 05:18PM | 0 recs
Not true

I see no reason why the SCOTUS shouldn't rule that LGBT Americans should have equal rights to marriage, but they haven't yet and until they do, the law is they don't...just like before Brown v. Board of Education, the federal government defended seperate but equal because of the Plessy precedant, but could have, at any time, passed legislation making Plessy moot, but didn't.

Part of SCOTUS' job is to overturn existing law, but until they do, a law is a law...and so far, the lower courts have found DOMA to be constitutional, so in the case, yeah, best if handled by the legislative branch.

by DTOzone 2009-07-08 06:36PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

The problem with proceeding extra-legislatively is that for every BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION, there's at least one PLESSY v. FERGUSON. Given the current make-up of the courts, that's my main concern.

Frankly, I'd support whichever of the avenues works most quickly without being easily stopped or overturned.

by RecoveringRepublican 2009-07-08 09:02PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

There is little historical evidence for your assertion in recent history.

by bruh3 2009-07-08 09:49PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

Were you responding to me? If not, forgive me as I've been up too long, but if so, I really didn't intend to make any 'assertion' but to express my concern about how a court might rule on any generic potentially-landmark case, and to state that I didn't much care how DoMA ended up in history's dustbin so long as it did!

This post was actually inadvertent, as I made a more extensive one along similar lines (which DID contain an assertion or two) a little while later.

by RecoveringRepublican 2009-07-08 10:51PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

To clarify: all I mean is that your concern that there will be some Plessy v Ferguson decision coming because the courts overturn DOMA is not a real threat. Is there conservative activism? Yes. Does that mean we will see wholesale overturning of rights? a) not likely and b) even less likely than not likely because liberals and progressive thinking is on the acendency.

by bruh3 2009-07-08 11:33PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

OH! I think the problem here is that I didn't explain myself too well...

What I meant to (more artfully) state was not that overturning DoMA in this case could result in one or several over-reaching activist-type decisions from the right wing down the road, like more Plessy v. Ferguson decisions.

My concern that this particular case, MA AG v. DoJ (or however it parses out), would itself become the Plessy v. Ferguson of the gay rights effort. SCOTUS decisions have historically been tremendously difficult to reverse, and of course it would subsequently be heavily used as a precedent if the challenge were to fail.

That's what I intended to convey - a SCOTUS decision in this case that is not in our favor could have long-lasting effects, and given the make-up of SCOTUS (and the not-quite-SCOTUS courts), I'm uncomfortable with how probable such a decision might be.

But no, I'm not worried that overturning DoMA would result in anything but positive consequences. It's whether or not we get to 'overturning DoMA' should SCOTUS wingnuts rear 5 or more of their ugly heads.

by RecoveringRepublican 2009-07-09 12:10AM | 0 recs
In the event of a ruling in favor of DOMA

DOMA could still be repealed by Congress..albeit that would make the already difficult situation of repealing the law more difficult, but politics isn't without it's risks.

by DTOzone 2009-07-09 07:44AM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit Against US

Okay, then we agree. I think both this case and and the Olsen case are premature. There is no strateg involved regarding either the court or arguments (in this case the 10th amendment could be used by conservatives to give us a victory in one sense (federal rights), but a denial of equality in others- allowing bans in various states to continue).  I understanding they are attacking just Clause 3, but that argument in particular- given the conservative desire to expand it does concern me.

by bruh3 2009-07-09 08:31AM | 0 recs
Who knows

my guess is that we're looking at a potential 5-4 decision on SCOTUS that DOMA is constitutional...the only wild card to me is Clarence Thomas and that's because I can see him striking down DOMA as unconstitutional because it's a violation of the 10th Amendment...but then again it doesn't stop states from recognizing same-sex marriages, it just doesn't force them to, which might not actually violate the 10th amendment.

On the level, I can see DOMA being struck down as a violation of Full Faith and Credit with Lawrence v. Texas as precedant, but I can't imagine who would be the fifth vote.

I am more than sure that Breyer, Ginsburg, Stevens and Sotomayor would be on the side to struck down DOMA...I can't see which of the other five would strike it down.

If SCOTUS votes to uphold DOMA, then that creates the push to overturn it in Congress...Based on history; Dredd Scott, Plessy, Mutual, Caminetti, Takao Ozawa...I am not convinced SCOTUS would overturn DOMA, at least not at first...they have been known to make decisions that fly in the face of equality in the past.

by DTOzone 2009-07-08 10:24PM | 0 recs
Re: Who knows

I don't know how a SCOTUS ruling might break down, but otherwise I'd have to agree with you here.

In particular, I always thought the 'Full Faith and Credit' argument against DoMA was the most persuasive - Such Acts, records and judicial proceedings or copies thereof, so authenticated, shall have the same full faith and credit in every court within the US and it Territories and Possessions as they have by law or usage in the courts of such State, Territory or Possession from which they are taken. A marriage, being a judicial act, would seem to fall under this clause of the U.S. Constitution.

However, I noticed the following from the Boston Globe article about the challenge...

The lawsuit questions the constitutionality of Section 3 of the law, which defines the word "marriage" for the purpose of federal law as "a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife." It does not challenge the constitutionality of Section 2, which provides that states are not required to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states.

To me, attacking from this angle seems to weaken the 'full faith and credit' argument, since the part of the law that says (paraphrasing) same-sex marriages performed in one state need not be recognized by any other states is not the part of the law being challenged.

Rather, it's the attempt by the Federal government to define the word 'marriage' for Federal purposes that the suit alleges is unconstitutional, in that this power should be left to the states per the 10th Amendment.

Further, the suit alleges a violation or Article 1, Section 8 - I'm guessing it claims that DoMA violates the charge that "duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States" by providing for selected tax breaks not available to same-sex couples? Not sure on that one.

by RecoveringRepublican 2009-07-08 11:19PM | 0 recs
I didn't see that

that seems really very dangerous. Section 3 is very unconstitutional, but a ruling in that direction could leave the decision to the states and set precedence that could uphold State Constitutional amendments like Prop 8.

If Conservative justices are going to overturn Sec 3, they're going to do it on states rights grounds and not on equal rights grounds.

Makes me think of the episode of The West Wing when Barlett fills the two seats on SCOTUS with Glenn Close and William Fitchner and Close, the arch liberal, explains that Fitchner, an arch conservative, would "have an easier time knocking down DOMA than I will" but on the grounds that federal intervention in marriage, a state issue, makes it unconstitutional, not because it violates equal rights.

This could set a very dangerous precedent that can be used to uphold Prop 8.

by DTOzone 2009-07-09 03:53PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit

Please - Obama's DOJ will defend it like they did the last time by saying they have to protect society from the evil gays.  We, the lesbigay community, won't see any support or help from the Obama administration.  Its time to accept that he was and is a mistake.

by mwfolsom 2009-07-08 03:04PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit

lol

by fogiv 2009-07-08 03:42PM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit

I don't care how the law is overturned other than how any particulare legal argument (such as the U.S. of the 10th Amendment maybe used later in other case law). Other than my concern over that issue, I am a student of history, which means to say Brown v Board would not happen today based on the aversion by some to use the courts for their historic function in the U.S.

by bruh3 2009-07-08 05:11PM | 0 recs
i can't speak to what is preferable...

that seems to be a personal judgment.  but i'd bet it's MUCH easier to overturn it in the courts (first).  we know that the votes for overturning DOMA aren't there in congress, and it will take an enormous effort -- and political capital -- to win that vote in congress...

by bored now 2009-07-09 03:36AM | 0 recs
Re: Massachusetts Files Suit

The DOJ has a duty to defend Obama is not required to weigh in.

by usedmeat 2009-07-09 07:35AM | 0 recs

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