The House Leadership Vacuum

Atrios highlights an important article in the Washington Post today.  Ostensibly, the article is about the Republicans in 1994, but it touches on some very key themes, such as how leadership is promoted within the two parties.  The article discusses the 'Gang of 7' backbenchers on the GOP and asks the very good question of why there is no gang for the Democrats.


In Congress, reform often comes from the back bench. Junior members have the least to lose and the shortest -- and thus usually the cleanest -- records. These unlikely agents of change are often change's biggest beneficiaries. Five of the members of the Gang of Seven still serve in Congress. One, John Boehner (Ohio), just became the House majority leader; one, Sen. Rick Santorum (Pa.), could conceivably become the Senate majority leader (provided he gets reelected); and one, Rep. Jim Nussle, may win election as governor of the swing state of Iowa.

And yet, after languishing in the minority for more than a decade, the Democrats' back bench has yet to produce a Gang of Seven or an insurgent leader such as Gingrich, who inspired dozens of GOP House candidates in 1994. Most of the Democrats elected since the Republicans took over in 1994 simply replaced other Democrats. Moreover, none was really elected on a message of bringing "change" to Congress.

The absence of a Democratic Gang of Seven is even more glaring given that there hasn't been much new blood flowing into the House leadership. Not a single ranking member (i.e., the top member of the minority party) on 21 House committees came to office after the Republicans took control. And in only five instances has a GOP committee chair been in Congress longer than his Democratic ranking-member counterpart.

Even in the majority, Republicans are better about promoting new members. Although Gingrich is gone, one part of his legacy remains: six-year term limits on committee chairmanships. As a result, Republican members, including reformers, climb higher, faster. But Democrats continue to take a top-down approach to ordering their ranks in Congress. Old-timers -- and in many cases, old-time liberals -- still lead the party's charge in many fights. Look at the roster of Democratic ranking members; the only relatively recent arrival (1994) is Bennie Thompson of Mississippi on the Homeland Security Committee, which is a new panel.

If Democrats were to gain control of Congress this November and made no changes to their current lineup, nine of their new committee chairs would be members who won their first elections before 1980: David Obey (1969), Ike Skelton (1976), George Miller (1974), John Dingell (1955), Henry Waxman (1974), John Conyers (1964), Nick Rahall (1976), James Oberstar (1974) and Charlie Rangel (1970). These folks would oversee major committees. Faces of change they are not.

House Democrats have been slow to promote younger members of their ranks in part because of the lessons that current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (Calif.) learned at the knees of skilled machine politicians, including California's Phil Burton and her father, Thomas D'Alesandro Jr., who rose through the Democratic ranks in Baltimore. Machine politicians are reared on a seniority-based, pay-your-dues regimen.

I liked Tom Daschle, but he was a bad Senate Majority/Minority Leader because he had to moderate his votes and rhetoric on key issues while trying to keep a more liberal caucus together.  When Bush demanded a $1.6 trillion tax cut in 2001 (prior to 9/11), Daschle said hell no, it can't go any higher than $1.3 trillion.  

The same is true about Nancy Pelosi, because her first priority is to keep consensus in the caucus rather than create a vector for the party.  I've focused on the lack of action on ethics, because I find it quite telling.  Pelosi, for instance, denies that there has been an ethics truce in the House for seven years.  Ari Berman of The Nation has several Congressman on the record as suggesting that Pelosi is actually enforcing the ethics truce. So Pelosi is openly misleading reporters.    I asked her staffers, and they told me repeatedly that Pelosi has never asked or encouraged any member to not file complaints.  So according to Pelosi, the 200+ members of the Democratic Party have all just decided not to use the ethics process because the House has done a great job of policing itself?  Come on.

So what's really going on?  Well, there's this.

The Federal Election Commission fined Pelosi's political operation $21,000 last year for collecting and distributing funds in excess of campaign-finance limits through two leadership political action committees: PAC to the Future and Team Majority.

...

"To the extent that she's violated federal law, she's brought into question the integrity of the House," Feeney said. "We have members who would love to see us retaliate by going after Nancy Pelosi." Feeney declined to name members who want to target Pelosi.

So some junior staffer screwed up in her campaign, and she had to pay an FEC fine.  Whatever, that's a mistake not a Chinese menu for bribery.  But she thinks that having this come out means that it will be harder for her to maintain peace and consensus within the caucus because it will undercut her authority.  Of course, if she upfront admitted it now in her attack and said 'I'm filing seven ethics complaints, including one against a member of my own party.  Now the Republicans are going to come back at me with a clerical error my staff made from which no one profited.  Keep in mind the difference between making a clerical error that no one profits from, versus selling billion dollar contracts to campaign contributors', it wouldn't be a problem, but that's not how DC insiders think.  They aren't proactive.  That's why backbenchers are important.

Still, I don't know.  I'm sympathetic to Pelosi, because her politics sort of make sense to me.  And the alternatives, Steny Hoyer and Rahm Emanuel, are both shrewd and vicious tactical fighters who would make good leaders if they didn't consistently undercut the Democrats on the war and if Hoyer didn't brag about starting a Democratic K Street Project.

Notably absent from the Democrats much heralded unveiling of their new ethics and lobbying reform plan this week was Steny Hoyer, the number two House Democrat. Maybe that's because Hoyer's launched his own version of the Republican "K Street Project" so rightfully derided by many Democrats and good government-types. Back in May 2003, Roll Call reported that Hoyer "invited scores of business lobbyists to sit down with him in his Capitol Hill digs to discuss legislation, share information and just get to know him." The second phase of the outreach commenced this winter, when Hoyer and DCCC Chair Rahm Emanuel hit up lobbyists for '06 campaign contributions.

When he's not cozying up to K Street, the House Minority Whip's busy undermining Democratic calls for a speedy withdrawal from Iraq. After Jack Murtha dramatically broke with President Bush's Iraq policy in November, Hoyer issued a press release stating that a "precipitous withdrawal" of troops "could lead to disaster." When Murtha later gave an impassioned speech before the House Democratic Caucus "he was looking right at Hoyer," one Congressional aide told The Hill. The pro-war, pro-lobbyist routine has earned Hoyer plaudits from the likes of conservative columnist Bob Novak. Imitation, after all, is the highest form of flattery.

I guess all of this is to say that the ossified career track ladder of the House is really destructive at this point.  It promotes people who don't have a sense of the larger perspective, because they've been there for so long they can't see anything except the narrow world of politics.  Or it promotes people who are really good at getting funds from corporate insiders by using anti-populist DC-based rhetoric that actively destroys the Democratic brand.

Either way, it's very clear that the top-down style of the House Republicans doesn't and won't work for House Democrats.  The only legislatively effect path that I can imagine in 2006-2008 is a bipartisan alliance between a new crop of Democratic freshmen in 2006 who aren't willing to take orders from bad leadership and Republicans embolded to work against their leadership by the scandals and by Bush's lame-duck status.

Tags: Democrats, Ethics, House, Nancy Pelosi, rahm emanuel, Steny Hoyer (all tags)

Comments

10 Comments

It's The GOVERNANCE, Stupid!

While I agree with much of the above, I think there's a good reason why much of the Democratic leadership you've cited probably should stay in place.

One factor left out is the fact that Democrats are part of the reality-based community, and they actually care about governance.  Folks like Waxman, Conyers, Rangel and Miller really know their stuff.  And despite the popular image of Beltway Insider-itis, these old-timers are often (not always) the most immune to it, having seen through it years ago.

I had a brief, but telling experience of this with Miller one time.  It's a while back, but nothing in his recent actions makes me think he's changed.  After the '88 elections, I was, for a time, part of a faction in the California Rainbow Coalition that actually tried to make it a viable, ongoing political organization.  During the primary campaign, I'd participated in putting on a major environmental event for Jackson, with Barry Commoner.

After the election cycle, I got involved as a Rainbow Coalition representative in yet another off-shore oil fight.  Also involved was a representative of the Greens, before they had become a political party here in California.  We were part of a coalition that had a broad composition of local, state and national environmental groups, including folks like the Natural Resources Defense Council.  We had celebrity support from the likes of Ted Danson--Cheers was going like gangbusters then.  We even had the support of Mayor Tom Bradley.

At one press conference, Danson surprised me by addressing two of the points that I was going to make.  This was my first indication that the "establishment" folks were both well-briefed, and not afraid to take some radical (i.e. getting at the roots) approaches.

My second indication came when we had a meeting with George Miller and his staff.  It was primarily a local/state issue, that was going up for an initiative vote, so Miller was not intimately involved, but obviously any new offshore drilling would set a precdent for the rest of the coast, so he was very concerned to help us prevent that movement from gaining any foothold.

Because of the nature of the people in the room, the sorts of backgrounds they had, experience working together, etc., as well as the purpose of the meeting, both I and the Greens representative kept our mouths shut for most of the meeting, waiting to see what might be left out before jumping in to say something.  But, about halfway through, Miller turned to both of us and asked us if we didn't have something (I forget the exact words) a little more imaginative, or challenging to add.

I guess he realized that we weren't there to grandstand, saw we were listening carefully, and figured we must have something to say, so he felt it was up to him to find out, and he wanted to hear what sort of ideas we might have from outside the box of mainstream activism--activism which Danson had already demonstrated was more radical than I had anticipated when I first got involved.

If anything, I think that Miller is probably even more like that today than he was back then.  And Conyers, Rangel and Waxman are much the same.

Now, I agree we need fresh blood, too.  But a party that's devoted to actually solving real-world problems has reason to structure its leadership differently.  If we regain the House, these guys aren't just going to be pushing their own agendas, they are going to be working with younger members to bring their agendas to fruition as well.  And having an old hand look after the nuts and bolks, and keep an eye out for flak out of left field leaves the up-and-comers free to focus much more intensively on the actual content of their legislation.  This is a very different logic from the situation the GOP has, where their primary mission is to pass legislation written for them by industry reps and lobbyists.

Thus, I don't think that our approach should mimic the GOPs.  It should continue to reflect a very different value system.  How we do that, and still empower younger members is something we need to think about more fully.  But trying to emulate the GOP is not what we should be about.

Appearances matter, of course. But, despite appearances, reality matters more.

by Paul Rosenberg 2006-02-18 06:19AM | 0 recs
Re: It's The GOVERNANCE, Stupid!

You're right, of course.  A governing party requires a different structure than the criminal gang that is the Republican House leadership.

But political leadership is also important.

by Matt Stoller 2006-02-18 06:47AM | 0 recs
Re: It's The GOVERNANCE, Stupid!

Like Matt says, policy (governance) isn't everything. Politics is important too. Democratic legislators consistently vote in ways that help the country at the expense of their own party. That may sound noble, but it's stupid. Voting your own party out of office means that the opposition takes over, and then you're stuck in minority status. And it won't help you get the majority back, either.

The trouble is two-fold. First, it's that rank-and-file Dems value policy over politics. They are too obsessed with doing the "right" thing instead of trying to get their party back in power. I'm not saying they should do the "wrong" thing, I'm just saying that the people they elect to leadership positions are fantastic, smart policy wonks who don't know how to get the party back to power.

You're right, the Democratic leaders are smart and experienced and capable; but they are constantly shooting the party in the foot. Arguably, we recently saw this when Schumer gave Hackett the boot. But on a more general level, the Democrats just don't get politics. The Clinton theory that political success is about shifting the platform to the right to appeal to sliver demographics in the middle of the spectrum has killed the party, and it continues to hamper the party today. Yet it's still the dominant theory held by the Democratic leadership. Fortunately that seems to be changing, but not as fast as many of us would like.

When you're in the party in power, you can focus more on governance. But when you're in the minority party, getting back into power has to be the highest priority, and that means prioritizing politics over governance. Look at the Republicans: In their 50-odd years out of power, they forgot how to govern, but they learned politics real good. They learned that politics is about messaging. They learned to say "it's your money," and they learned that they should refer to the "death tax" instead of the "estate tax." Now they're in power, but they still behave like a minority party: all politics and no governance. It has been their undoing. On the flip side of the coin, the Democrats still behave too much like a majority party. They have got to learn politics. The response to "it's your money" has to be something like "we are the party of compassion, not the party of personal greed" instead of just "that's stupid." I just hope that the "Contract with America" that Dean rolls out later this year reflects that.

by nstrauss 2006-02-18 10:45AM | 0 recs
This Has Nothing To Do With What I'm Talking About

My point was precisely that there's a consideration here that's quite separate from the other issues that Matt has raised.  And for all you've written, none of it touches on what I was talking about.  In fact, the people I cited are amongst those adopting the most tenacious ways of fighting the GOP.  They are not doing anything like what you are talking about, with Schumer, for example.

They are precisely the sort of leadership that did not go along with and celebrate Clinton.  They were the people he was "triangulating" against.

You're shooting at the wrong guys.

by Paul Rosenberg 2006-02-18 01:11PM | 0 recs
Shadow Government in Exile

Why don't the democrats have a shadow government?

The dems don't seem to have a policy team constructing messages, producing white papers on foreign policy, health-care or the environment, that is, positioning the party with a program of: "What we would do if we had the executive office." It all seems so catch-as-catch-can. Presidential primary candidates seem to be randomly self-appointed, not strategically chosen. Maybe this what the DLC thinks they are doing?

What about a Farm Team?

The gop has a strong farm team system at the state level. Until Colorado's handsome, but not-particularly-bright, Governor Owens had some "marital difficulties". He was being groomed with trial balloons and policy support from the VRWC as a potential presidential candidate.

Obviously, Owens was chosen for his good looks, and the fact that at the time Colorado was being run by the republican party, which means that they could craft laws and messages that would build an Owens resume.

by MetaData 2006-02-18 11:29AM | 0 recs
Re: The House Leadership Vacuum

Pelosi has held the caucus unanimously together on social security and the medicare/medicaid budget cuts.  This provides an unassailable basis for the Dem program alternative. She has very good relations with the Blue Dogs apparently, which takes away a lot of wedge issue threats by the GOP.  An ethics war would be a total distraction and create deep cynicism among voters. I think she is doing great, better than Reid.  

by ejf 2006-02-18 06:44AM | 0 recs
Re: The House Leadership Vacuum

I agree it's an article worth some thought.

Initial reactions, though:

It's fair to say that Congressional leadership is not necessarily (rarely is) a matter of Young Turks up to all sorts of hi-jinks and boasting about it on the shout shows. If many of the ranking House committee members are not very médiatique, I don't think many of their predecessors were either - not in a good way, at least!

Leadership in the party as a whole is a different matter from leadership of Dems in Congress; no party without a sitting president has a single designated leader. The closest it gets is an heir apparent to its next presidential candidate. Clearly, of those leaders in the party with official status, neither Pelosi nor Reid pretends to that role, nor can be blamed for not filling it. Nor Dean, unless he renounces his present role.

Comparing the Congressional Dems of today with the Congressional GOP of 1994, there are two striking differences.

First, the short time that today's Dems have been in the minority. The last general election before 1996's in which the GOP retained control of both houses was in 1928! They'd managed ephemeral control of both twice (80th in 1946, 83rd in 1952), and six years of Senate-only control under Reagan (97th-99th); but that's it.

By 1964, it had seemed that they would never string two victories together in Congress. And, apart from the Ike fluke (he could have gone with the Dems, just conceivably), they'd had no joy in the White House either.

So the conservatives make their move, and the South starts to desolidify.

And it took thirty damned years for Dem incumbents to die off, and the VRA gerrymanders in the 90s, for the House GOP to move ahead in the Confederacy.

Morale: the GOP had to show a mountain more patience than certain Dems seem prepared to show before they got back in the driving seat.

(And, in 1994, the GOP work in the South still wasn't done. They'd only moved from 48-77 to 64-61. They needed more Dem Dixie incumbents to drop out to counter GOP attrition in the North. And the TX gerrymander to give them a margin.

And still they've only got an overall House margin of thirty-odd.)

The other thing: in 1992, the Dem's overall House margin was 82. Which, in today's terms, even allowing for the greater featherbedding of incumbents, is still a hell of a lot more daunting than 30.

The 'Gang of Seven' simply had so much less to lose, they knew their task was collosal, they expected that only radical action would reverse their deficit.

Today's House Dems are completely different. They think that one more heave will see them home. And they read this blog, and find the expert analysis confirms their view.

Unlike Gingrich and Co, they're heavily risk-averse. No one wants to be the one whose adventurous gambit results in the Dems falling short.

(This is discounting Charlie Cook's idea that the Dems would do better not to regain control, to avoid being stuck with any of the blame for Bush's policy toilet.)

My guess: now is too early for Congressional Dems to be happy to be radical. Give it another decade of minority status, and then the risks may seem worth the candle.

Unlike the 1994 House GOP, this places those Congressional Dems in strategic conflict with their active supporters, who face a risk-reward ratio vastly different from that of their elected representatives.

The timidity of Pelosi on the ethics issue is just one sign of this.

Of course, if the GOP implodes, 1974-style, the Dems may be able to have it all without risking anything.

But then, wouldn't that most likely give them a 1946 kind of one-off win, with a (supposedly) house-cleaned GOP springing back in 08?

(On the discipline question, we definitely need some measure of salience.

The key test is whether a GOP bill would have passed without Dem support. The GOP margin is Pelosi's cushion. You need 15 GOP to vote against before Dem help is needed. Mostly, that doesn't happens.

But, on some horror bills, it does.

On the Medicare bill conference report, for instance. Or the energy bill conference report.

(And I can't say I was impressed with discipline on the 'death tax' bill, either, though that would have passed even without the 42 House Dems who supported it.)

by skeptic06 2006-02-18 09:17AM | 0 recs
One more heave-ho... then what?

Interesting ideas.

I kind of agree with Charlie Cook (but for slightly different reasons), that the dems long-term strategy might be better served if we fail to take over. (Well, I do hope we actually win, because there is a lot at stake, but I worry an easy victory sets us up for longer-term failure.).

I simply don't see the democrats constructing an ideology, a brand, a set of policy initiatives or even an intellectual strategy that has the passion and substance to create a long-term movement.

The weakness of the "hope the gop stumbles" strategy, is that the republican party has the vision, discipline, money and power to win the following round, even if they lose one or two, while the democratic "appeasement" strategy is a slow walk to irrelevancy.

Personally, I think traditional democratic values add up to a powerful and appealing package: economic issues, health care, education, progressive tax structure, good world citizen. Here is a populist message that can be shouted with outrage, or explained in detail. As a brand, it has sufficient meat on the bone to create a real movement.

I know that these ideas are floating around within parts of the democratic party. The Progressive or Liberal brand.  It just seems that they are not being proclaimed with much vigor by the "risk-averse" centrists. We're for progressive ideas, but we never define clearly and strongly what it means to be progressive. This lack of passion makes the average joe feel like maybe the dems don't really believe in these ideas, as if one politician is pretty much the same as another.

by MetaData 2006-02-18 12:05PM | 0 recs
Pelosi is in WAY over her head

I do not think she's capable of beng Speaker, and, even if she is, she presents a very non-charismatic and unlikeable face of the House Democrats.  And I am NOT being anti-woman or anything like that, as I am proudly supporting Hillary in 08.

by jgarcia 2006-02-18 02:59PM | 0 recs
Re: The House Leadership Vacuum

I have noticed that almost none of the ranking members have changed since the Dems lost power in 1995.  This is frightening and bad for all the reasons you listed above.  We need new and young blood mixed with the experience of the older members if we are going to move the party forward.  We are doing a very bad job in the House of developing a younger crop of leaders.  This speaks very poorly about our leadership in the House.

by John Mills 2006-02-18 05:37PM | 0 recs

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