A Look At 2010 Reapportionment

Following the 2010 elections, there will be minor, though important, shifts in the electoral landscape for the House of Representatives and for the Electoral College:According to an analysis by Polidata, a political data consulting firm, seven states are all but certain to lose at least one seat: Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania. Another six states are all but certain to gain at least one seat: Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Nevada, Texas and Utah.

A few other interesting projections from Polidata: Texas could pick up as many as 4 congressional seats; New York and Ohio could lose 2 seats. California, for the first time since statehood, may not pick up any seats. This means the following:
  • Republicans control the trifecta in several of the fastest growing states: Florida, Georgia, Texas and Utah. Unless non-partisan redistricting boards are created in those states, this will give them total control over the new congressional maps in those states.
  • "Safe" Republican states in terms of the electoral college will gain electoral votes, while "safe" Democratic states in terms of the electoral college will lose votes.
Sounds bad for Democrats, right? Not so fast. When it comes to deciphering the future electoral landscape, the shift in population is complicated by a second variable: the changing partisan inclinations of individual states. Several swing states are clearly becoming bluer, including Colorado, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Especially after the 2006 elections, outside of Louisiana, and perhaps West Virginia and Georgia, it is difficult to discern any clear rightward trends in individual states, much less among swing states.

For a while, it was conventional wisdom that long-term electoral trends looked bad for Democrats, because "red" areas of the country were experiencing much larger population growth than were "blue" areas of the country. However, Democrats can more than offset coming "red state" reapportionment increases by shifting the partisan status of individual states. If Virginia were to become a true swing state, Colorado were to become lean Democratic, and Pennsylvania were to become safe Democratic, then the Republican advantage gained from at least three decades worth of red state population gains would be entirely wiped out. Actually, the comparative advantage Democrats would gain from such a shift would be far greater.

Democrats should not concern themselves with the incremental changes that will happen to the Electoral College and House of Representatives as a result of the 2010 census. If the 2006 taught us anything, it is that the paradigm of the evenly split nation we saw in 2000 and 2004 is by no means permanent. If for some reason the nation in 2012 is identical to the nation in 2004, then yes we will have cause for concern from these numbers. However, our much greater concern would be that after what will then have been fourteen years of movement building, we would not have made any serious inroads into currently "red" areas. The goal of the progressive movement is not just to trim around the edges and turn an excruciatingly narrow Republican "majority" into an excruciatingly narrow Democratic majority. If all goes well, these reapportionment losses will be but a minor setback in an era otherwise dominated by repeatedly strong Democratic and progressive gains.

Tags: Redistricting (all tags)

Comments

19 Comments

Re: A Look At 2010 Reapportionment

I don't have any numbers in front of me, but I would imagine that the demographic changes occuring in these growing Red states will make wipe out the cost of a reapportioned seats and electoral votes. A lot  of the growth can in these Red states - Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Nevada, Texas and Utah - is being fueled by Latinos immigrating and West Coast/Northeast residents relocating. These Democratic leaning groups could end up pushing Arizona, Nevada, and Florida into the steadily leans Democratic column.

by jmstarnes 2006-12-29 11:02AM | 0 recs
Re: A Look At 2010 Reapportionment

This is true. Look at the growth in VA and how that's affected the state's political leanings. Just a few years ago it was considered safe republican territory, and now you would have to call it a swing state. The population growth in the upper south and southwest may give more electoral votes to "red" states, but its also making those states less reliably red.

by AC4508 2006-12-29 12:26PM | 0 recs
My Thoughts on Texas

We have 2 election cycles for the state legislature and 1 shot at the governor.

The governor is up in 2010, I dunno what the republicans will do, Rick Perry may run again, he may not, but there ar eplenty of controversial Republicans who may challenge him, that of Sen. Hutchison who everyone seems to like for some reason. Our nominee will probably be Mayor BIll White of Houston. THis is too far off to really judge.

State Senate: Dems are down 20-11 in the State Legislature meaning they need 5 to take it, however our lines are drawn so incredible partisan that it seems unlikely that we can get 5 in 4 years, heack is we get 2 in 4 years i'll be impressed.

State House: currently it's 5 to tie and 6 to win. We won 5 this year in the general and an additional seat back in a February special election. This is possible this year, however it is still unlikely. Currently, the primaries this year saw many Lieberman type Dems get ousted in favor of those who will hold sides more often as well as several Republicans get ousted based on their support for school vouchers. THis more united Democratic party and slightly more moderate republican party is leading to a current assult on the office of speaker. THe current speaker is a top-down authoritarian who shuts out the minority party completely. If he is ousted in favor of a more moderate republican you can expect Dems to start having an impact on Texas again.

As for the reapportionment, if Dems remain shut out in the 3 offices expect 2 new safe republican seats and Rep. Rodriguez, Edwards and Lampson to have some safer seats. If Dems get the state house and/or governor then you can expect the three reps to get slightly safer seats, 1 safe republican seat and either a democratic seat in Austin or a 50/50 seat in Dallas with a slight Dem lean, probably Dallas though after Dogget got moved back to the Austin area.

So yeah, for a good time please invest in the Texas House.

by Trowaman 2006-12-29 11:31AM | 0 recs
Re: My Thoughts on Texas

Also, I am expecting Texas to be considered a swing state somewhere around 2016 after maxing out in 2004 giving Bush 61%. Something like a 2% decrease every cycle that may accelerate.

by Trowaman 2006-12-29 11:34AM | 0 recs
Re: My Thoughts on Texas

I think Dems will have a decent shot at the Governor's mansion in 2010, and should have a very good shot at a House majority. The Senate, no chance - 17-14 is the best I can imagine, and that's a looong shot. Bottom line, if the Dems don't have control over at least one part of the redistricting process, something has gone wrong.

by kuff 2006-12-29 02:31PM | 0 recs
Re: My Thoughts on Texas

In Texas, if the Legislature does not finish reapportioning, or redistricting, state legislative districts during the first regular session -- which it hasn't in recent memory -- the task falls to the Legislative Redistricting Board, which consists of the lieutenant governor, the House speaker, the attorney general, the comptroller, and the land commissioner.  (All but the speaker are elected statewide, and all are now Republicans.) So unless the Democrats regain three of those statewide offices, they will not regain control of the reapportionment process. Under the Voting Rights Act, congressional redistricting usually is punted to the federal courts.

by jcullen 2006-12-29 05:44PM | 0 recs
Re: A Look At 2010 Reapportionment

I think the real key is the Latino population.  While Latinos are around 15-20% of the total U.S. population, they only represent 6% of the electorate.  The more I see the map changing, the more I see the need for Latino outreach.  With the GOP taking up the mantle of the racist party, the Democratic Party can form a lasting coalition of minorities, progressives and Western libertarians.  

Lastly, this information shows that Democrats have to be competitive in Texas.  Its just too big to write off.  Particularly when we haven't fully locked down the Northeast (though its, really, really close).

by Jim Treglio 2006-12-29 11:44AM | 0 recs
Florida.

I agree with all the Texas posts above, we should not write off Texas and let the GOP carve out safe seats for themselves while shutting out the Democrats...however, we must also not forget that Florida is the least "southern" of the southern states and it is one of the worst gerrymandered states for the GOP...with them now passing New York in seats come post 2010 it is imperative that we also don't let them get a free pass to further gerrymander it in their favor. A state that gave Gore 50% of the vote should not be giving 65-70% of its seats to Republicans. We need a full flontal assault to take back the legislature down there or defeat Crist in 2010.

by need some wood 2006-12-29 12:11PM | 0 recs
Virginia

Despite the DPVA's huge successes in the Kaine and Webb races, local forces are still strongly conservative throughout much of the state. It's not inaccurate to say the state is turning purplish blue, but the House of Delegates and State Senate are still controlled by Republicans.

This cycle (2007) we have a shot at the state senate, and if things go really well in 2007 and 2009, the house could be under our control, but both possibilities look unlikely at present.

Speaking of 2007, what is MyDD and the greater blogosphere doing electorally in 2007? There are only elections in a couple of states, and they're really small, so it seems like even a small amount of effort and support in a state like Virginia, focused on races that only take 10,000 votes to win, could do a heck of a lot of good.

by msnook 2006-12-29 12:44PM | 0 recs
Re: Virginia

I really like this idea. I was disappointed not to hear more over the Autumn about the campaign Jonathan was managing. This coming year, when any writer wouldn't have the handicap of having to run the campaign, it'd be nice if somebody was deputed to cover the downticket races in a state. It ties in to both the idea of the 50 state strategy and MyDD's focus on electoral politics rather than governing (even if that was necessitated by being shut out of the national trifecta.)

If a similar thing could be done with Florida, that'd be great. Democrats seem to lack institutional strength there, and focusing in on local races and the governorship there in 2008 (Florida does have state elections in 2008, right?) would provide a nice change of focus from the endless presidential stories. Indeed, that could be done with any state. Just pick an area and spotlight it, and it'd likely be both informative and likely to boost interest in other local races amongst your readers.

by Englishlefty 2006-12-29 03:08PM | 0 recs
A simple question

First off, this is my first ever posting on this blog though ive been a visitor for several months now. My question regarding this entire issue of reapportioning the House seats is why on Earth is the set number for said seats stuck at 435? And can't Congress change the number of seats by changing whatever law or statute that set it at that number in the first place? Maybe by 15 so that the House would be set at 450. My civics is a bit rusty but I thought that House seats used to increase along with the population of the country according to the census until the 1920's when for whatever reason Congress established the set number at 435 for the House. So for 80 years or so now the (blue) Northeat & industrial midwest has seen its numbers in the House grow smaller while the (red) South and Mountian West has seen its numbers grown larger. And its not as if the poulation of those states has decreased, only that they haven't increased(in proportion)as the Sun Belt states. This just seems fundementaly unfair to me, particularly as a resident of New York State. Am I missing something here? Is there some constitutional reason why Congress can't simply increase the number of seats in Congress so that hundreds of thousands of Citizens are not unfairly disenfranchised? Not to mention decreasing those States numbers in the electoral college. I look forward to being educated on this matter.

by kjny65 2006-12-29 01:02PM | 0 recs
Re: A simple question

There was a law passed limiting the House to 435 seats, sometime before 1925. If you want a more specific answer than that, you'll have to ask somebody with more specific knowledge of early 20th century American political history than me, but that's the rough outline.

When Alaska and Hawaii were accepted as states, the House went up to 437 seats for a cycle, and one of the DC representation plans proposes a similar rise to 437 seats until redistricting.

I can tell you that Britain has around 650 MPs, and we've never have a particular problem with overcrowding of the chamber. That said, if America wanted the same ratio of lawmakers to citizens/subjects, there'd be a problem, as 2500 representatives would be a lot.

by Englishlefty 2006-12-29 03:02PM | 0 recs
Re: A simple question

Thanks for edifying a couple of points for me EL. But as you wrote it was a law that congress passed that set the number of Representatives to the House at 435, meaning that a new law could be passed increasing that number. Or, as I wrote earlier is there something that I don't know about that prevents them from doing this? Gentleman's agreement perhaps?

I am curious where you came up with the number of 2500 for the number of Representatives. What ratio are you using? I was under the impression that each member of the house represents approx. half a million people in their district (or the entire "at large" State if it had a particularly small population). Since the United States has some 300 million people in it, the ratio for the number of House members would be around the 600 mark.

by kjny65 2006-12-29 03:57PM | 0 recs
Re: A simple question

The size of the House increased through the 19th century, but its growth, relative to population, steadily slowed. The number was fixed at 433 in 1910, with a provision for permanent extra seats when AZ and NM got admitted. It was also temporarily bumped up when AK and HI were admitted.

The Founders envisioned 30000 to 50000 residents per district, which would lead to 5400 to 9000 seats today (and an insignificant amount of gerrymandering). However, as the anti-Federalists predicted, members of Congress have no incentive to increase the House size, since that would dilute their individual power. (The Federalist Papers are utterly non-persuasive in defending the Constitution's failure to set a maximum district size.)

by bschak 2006-12-30 08:30AM | 0 recs
Re: A simple question

Thanks for edifying a couple of points for me EL. But as you wrote it was a law that congress passed that set the number of Representatives to the House at 435, meaning that a new law could be passed increasing that number. Or as I wrote earlier is there something that I don't know about that prevents them from doing this? Gentleman's agreement perhaps?

I am curious where you came up with the 2500 for the number of Representatives. What ratio are you using? I was under the impression that each member of the house represents approx. half a million people in their district (or the entire "at large" State if it had a particularly small population). Since the United States has some 300 million people in it, the ratio for the number of House members would be around the 600 mark.

by kjny65 2006-12-29 04:02PM | 0 recs
Re: A simple question

Sorry, posted twice. Told you I was new to this.

by kjny65 2006-12-29 04:04PM | 0 recs
Re: A simple question

The 2500 would be roughly how many representatives you'd have if you had the same ratio of representatives/MPs to citizens/subjects as we have in the UK, although actually, considering America's population is 5 times as large as Britain's, not 4 times, the correct amount would be over 3000.

by Englishlefty 2006-12-30 02:22AM | 0 recs
Re: A Look At 2010 Reapportionment

I think that mid-decade redistricting, where feasible, is one way to offset any Republican advantage ... yesterday, on my Daily Kos diary I discussed how even in a state such as Maryland, where the delegation is already 6-2 Democratic to Republican and in which the 2002 redistricting was generally regarded by Democrats as a great success, it is still technically very possible to redistrict in such a way where 7 solid Democratic districts are created instead of the current 6 and the proposed districts would be arguably less gerrymandered than the current ones (please see link) ....

http://www.dailykos.com/story/2006/12/28 /195726/87

by silver spring 2006-12-29 07:12PM | 0 recs
D power grab, Constitutional Amendment

To counter the presumed R power grab, as many D legislatures as possible should gerrymander to their advantage. In the short term we get the benefit of the seats, we can justify it as compensating for the wrongs they did first, and in the long term maybe sufficient absurdity will lead to changing the system.

I think an amendment should look like this:

  1. The Legislatures of the States or their appointed officials shall accept proposed district maps for a time of six months following the availability of new deci-annual US Census data. They shall accept proposed districts from any citizen of their State but may limit the number of submissions to a reasonable number and shall specify a reasonable format for receiving the district maps so as to expedite processing.
  2. At the end of that period the map for each State shall be chosen that:
    1. Has contiguous districts; and
    2. Has equal population across all districts to within one two hundredth of the average district population; and
    3. Has the lowest average straight-line distance per person from the geographic centers of the districts to the people within them.
by bolson 2006-12-30 07:13AM | 0 recs

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