British Election Update, Part V: Predictions (and the crisis of the Conservative Party)

This will probably be the last in my pre-May 5 (i.e. election day) posts. (I imagine I will post something the evening of polling day - I imagine C-Span will provide live coverage). Anyway, as such, I feel that I will put my money where my mouth is and make some fairly specific predictions, followed up by some analysis.

Firstly, Labour is going to win this election quite comfortably. Their majority will be diminished, but they are still  going to be returned with an overall majority approaching 100 (they currently have a majority of 139). I think we're looking at Labour returning somewhere between 370 and 380 MPs (down from 416, but still a formidable majority)

Secondly, the Conservative Party is going to be in for a fairly disappointing night. They will improve on their 1997 and 2001 performance, but not by much. I think they are  going to elect somewhere in the neighborhood of 185 to 195 MPs, only a slight improvement on their current 166 MPs. Over at Political Betting, a slightly Tory-leaning, but still perhaps the best "inside baseball" website covering British politics I can find, a number of the Conservative partisans have been trying to spin the polling data and betting lines to the best of their ability, but it seems clear to me that their spinning has gotten a little less frantic this weekend, with the realization that the Conservative Party is going to suffer its third substantial defeat in a row. Michael Howard's campaign has been more competent than the last two Tory campaigns, and has a done a good job mobilizing the Tory faithful: however, it has also done a good job of reminiding non-Tory Britons why they don't vote for  the Conservative Party. (perhaps a lesson for those who think a hardcore "fire up the base" strategy is the way to go for liberals. Note: polarization and drawing "clear differences" only works if you are in the majority). The results will further confirm that the Conservative Party is in a crisis not dissimilar to that experienced by the Labour Party during the 1980s. What's more, this election will show that the Conservative Party has not yet figured out the degree to which their party even has a problem, that they are no longer "the natural party of government". (see also Kos's surprisingly insightful Guardian article that compares the Conservative Party's problems to those of  the Democrats. (actually, I think the Conservative Party's difficulties are considerably more dire).

Finally (apologizies to Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party), the Liberal Democrats are going to come out of this election with a sense of accomplishment. I think they are going to improve considerably - percentage-wise - on their 2001 showing, receiving in the neighborhood of 23% of the national vote (compared to the 18.8% they received in 2001). Somewhat unfortunately for the Lib Dems, however, this will translate into only about 65 to 70 MPs, as the electoral system is biased against the Lib Dems for complicated structural and psychological reasons. However, 65 to 70 MPs will be a significant improvement on their current 51, and will represent the party's best ever showing.

So to sum up, before moving on to some deeper analysis, my predictions are as follows:

Labour - 36.5-37.5%, 370 to 380 MPs
Conservatives - 32.5%-33.5% 185 to 195 MPs
Liberal Dems - 22.5%-23.5% 65 to 70 MPs

Why do I spend so much time discussing the Conservatives, and why do I think a party that could well only finish 3% points behind Labour is in such dire straights, you may ask? Good questions, to which I will now turn.

Allow me to refer you to the internals of this Sunday's Times/YouGuv poll. Before moving ahead, let me note the following - that YouGuv is a poll that is generally more favourable to the Conservatives than most British pollsters, and that - contrary to their recent poor performance in the US 2004 election - they generally are accurate in predicting UK elections. With this said, there are two internals in particular that are just dire for the long term health of the Conservative Party in its current guise. Firstly, look at the breakdown by age. Amongst voters, 18 to 29, the electorate breaks down as follows: Labour 36%, Conservative 24%, Liberal Democrats 29%. In other words, parties standing from the center leftwards attract 2/3 of the votes in this age bracket. Pretty bad for the Tories, but young folks tend to be left-leaning, and often become more right-leaning with age. Rather, it is the second age bracket that should be especially disturbing for the Tories. Amongs voters 30 to 50, the electorate breaks down as follows: Labour 40%, Conservative 27%, Liberal Democrats 24%. So amongst voters in the prime of their working lives, who bear the brunt of the nation's taxation, the only major right-leaning party in Britain attracts one-third of voters. These folks are not changing their political affiliations as readily as the younger folks. The only reason the Conservatives can maintain the pretense as Britain's primary opposition party is that voters over 50 favor them by 40 to 30% over the Labour Party (with 20% of the over 50s favoring the LDs).

Now, a classic left wing counterargument to the significance of the above is that Labour has become essentially a right wing party. I disagree with this. In the context of 1970s Britain, current Labour economic policies would be viewed as center-right (as would those of the Liberal Democrats). This is what Margaret Thatcher achieved: she destroyed the pretense the Labour Party had that socialism in Britain was popular or inevitable. As a result, the Labour Party was forced to change. But lets be clear: in an American context, the Labour Party's policies - on economic issues and on civil libertarian issues - would be strongly within the mainstream, if not on the left-hand side, of the Senate Congressional caucus - think Jon Corzine, Hillary Clinton, Dick Durbin, Barack Obama, Patty Murray. They are pro-gay rights, pro-gay marriage, pro-choice, pro-environmental reform, pro-universal health care, pro-state guaranteed retirement, etc.. Don't be fooled by the Iraq War only in thinking of the Labour Party.

The Liberal Democrats are in many ways indistinguishable from the above, although they have staked out certain positions to the left of the Labour Party where the Labour Party has allowed the space to do so: particularly over the Iraq War, but also on issues like the need for national ID cards and drug decriminilzation. But in ideological terms, the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats have been converging since the late 1980s. The Liberal Democrats noises leftwards are more short term tactical moves than anything else, at least in my opinion. If the Liberal Dems got into a position where it looked like they had a serious possibility of winning a general election, they would tack back to the center.

But what does this convergance mean? Well, I'll return to the aformentioned YouGuv polling internals. The question asks: "if you had to choose between a Conservative victory and a very large Labour majority, which would you prefer LEAST?" Amongst those planning to vote for the Liberal Democrats, 60% answered they would rather a have a VERY LARGE Labour rather than ANY kind of Conservative victory. So what? What does this mean? In other words, a functional anti-Conservative majority exists in Britain. This is further confirmed by other polling data I have seen, which consitently shows that if forced to choose between a Labour victory and a Conservative victory, British voters consistently choose a Labour victory by 10% or more. To put that in American terms, that would be like a replay of the 2000 election in which Gore defeated Bush something like 54% to 42% and won 40+ states in the electoral college.

As to WHY Britons are hostile to right wingers, and why Thatcher's legacy has been surprisingly bad for British conservatism, the reasons are complicated, but consider the following:

  1. no Christian right - Britain is a very secular country when compared to the US.
  2. a much stronger trade union movement - now and historically - and a much more politicized working class
  3. related to point two, a much greater acceptance that there is a "public good"
  4. lack of an idea that England/Britain is an "exceptional nation" with a "special" mission. This is not to say that Britain is not a nationalistic country, because it very much is - but the idea that Britain has any "special role" to play in the world would be seen as laughable.

Tags: Foreign Elections (all tags)

Comments

17 Comments

A question
"However, 65 to 70 MPs will be a significant improvement on their current 51, and will represent the party's best ever showing."

Aren't the lib dems the descendent of the liberal party that elected Gladstone to the prime ministership, or is it the equivalent of the Democratic-Republicans versus the democrats in the USA, and the two parties are wholly unrelated?

by Valatan 2005-05-01 06:45PM | 0 recs
Good question
In part, they are. The current Liberal Democratic party is basically a merger of the Liberal Party of Gladstone, that progressively declined from World War I until the 1960s, when it almost disappeared as a party, and the Social Democrats, whom were a "right wing" offshoot of the Labour Party, who split from Labour when Labour lurched significantly to the left during the early 1980s. Until New Labour, a projected started by Kinnock but completed by Blair, they were the centrist party in British politics. Since New Labour, the two parties are ideologically indistinguishable, although the LDs have staked out positions to Labour's left, in large measure because it has behooved them politically to do so. Still, I would argue that there is no fundamental difference - in ideological terms - between the modern Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats.
by Ben P 2005-05-01 06:52PM | 0 recs
point of clarification
John Smith's role in this can not be ignored. Had he not died of a heart attack he would have been the Prime Minister in 1997.

Tony Blair's only accomplishment was to take advantage of the hard work of Kinnock and Smith....

by Nazgul35 2005-05-02 07:44AM | 0 recs
Re: A question
In the election of 1824, all the candidates running were Democratic-Republicans.  Jefferson's party had essentially crushed the Federalists and even John Quincy Adams was a Democratic-Republican.  He won through the shenanigans of Henry Clay in the US House.  This naturally incensed Andrew Jackson who had won a plurality in the electoral college and popular vote.  He then won outright in 1828.  I believe it was sometime between 1824 and 1828 that he shortened the name of the party to just the Democratic Party.  Adams, in his re-election campaign used the banner of National Republicans and both claimed to be the true heirs of Jefferson...
by TXRNott 2005-05-01 10:36PM | 0 recs
not sure what you mean
>is it the equivalent of the Democratic-Republicans versus the democrats in the USA, and the two parties are wholly unrelated

I think you might be confused.  Andrew Jackson shortened the name of the Democratic-Republican party to the Democratic party.  It's the same party.

by hotshotxi 2005-05-02 01:13AM | 0 recs
Re: not sure what you mean
At the time the US was a one party state...like Japan was until recently.

Jackson represented a faction within the Democratic-Republican Party that split and won elections under the new banner of the Democratic Party.

It was part of the Democratic-Republicans but not all of it....

Better to say it emerged from them. It was more than just a name change.

by Nazgul35 2005-05-02 07:46AM | 0 recs
Promises never fulfilled
I could point to pretty much the last 3 election where there was "happy talk" about how well the lib dems are gonna do, and frankly they always fail to disappoint.

There are still the party for tactical voting. This is only going to get you so far, without actually building a solid base of your own, which they have failed to do at the national level.

The tories do have a crisis, they lost their identity and went in 2 directions over Europe, and then had the middle ground stolen from them by New Labour.

Without any new big ideas, they are going to struggle, without new fresh leadership they are going to struggle. Clean hospitals, assylum seekers really aint going to tip the balance.

They need something more.

Labour is getting dragged down by Blair now. They may get complacent knowing relief comes in the form of Brown, but Labour too is running out of new ideas, as every government ultimately does, and then power takes over.

British elections, unlike those in the US however are far more prone to large swings. 1979 and 1982 and 1997 are the most recent examples. and the British are far less ideologically driven.

when you consider the big issues, defense, taxes, healthcare, retirement, jobs and the economy, there is only 1 degree of seperation between Labour andthe conservatives, far less than republicans and Dems.

Europe and the coming strom there might once again cause the great differentiator. Britain is far less Europe centric than Labour would like to be, and on this issue perhaps in 2009/2010 might be when we see a real battle play out in Britain.

what is for sure, whomever wins, the british ship is a steady one, unlike the US which has lurched, the British won't be running radically right or left anytime soon, and for that we should all be grateful.

by Pounder 2005-05-01 07:15PM | 0 recs
Re: Promises never fulfilled
I don't know. I agree and disagree. I think Howard has staked out some pretty right wing ground in this election. He wants Britain to withdraw from the Geneva Convention on asylum seekers - not even the US has done this. He said he would have attacked Iraq without even bothering to talk about WMD or concerning himself with the UN. In other words, he is saying Blair should have just invaded without even bothering with the rest. He also wants to scrap the human rights charter which, among other things, has granted significant increase in rights to gays. Finally, he has made noises about flat out withdrawing from the EU. Britain tends to be anti-Europe, but that is an extreme eurosceptic position. Basically, Howard - like IDS and Hague - have emphasized the decidely unpopular xenophobic and authoritarian side of Thatcherism. Until the Conservatives realize what Thathcer's true legacy was, I think they are going to continue to suffer.

In terms of tax and so forth, you are more correct. But even here, and see Kos's Guardian piece for more, I think the Tories have not been able to control the debate in the way they would like, or perhaps once did - ie public services, not tax cuts, are primary

by Ben P 2005-05-01 07:25PM | 0 recs
Re: Promises never fulfilled
I think Howard has staked out some pretty right wing ground in this election.  . .  He said he would have attacked Iraq without even bothering to talk about WMD or concerning himself with the UN.

I heard a BBC program last night on C-SPAN last night where Howard answered questions.  He attacked Blair for having lied about WMD to get support for the war from his back benchers, but on the other hand said that he would have gone in without bothering to try to get support just because he thought it was right.  He got a lot of hard questions about this contradiction.

Blair also got a lot of hard questions about the war most of which he handled in a very slick way.  He kept trying to make the point that his decision to support Bush's war had a good result because the Iraqis were "liberated" but when a questioner pointed out that Bush would have gone ahead even without Blair's support he just avoided that question totally.

That seems to be a real weak point in his case:  just exactly what did he accomplish that is in Brittan's interests by supporting Bush's war?  I got the impression even if it is true that Labour will win handily it is only because the Tories are so poorly positioned to take advantage of the widespread disillusionment over Iraq on a part of the electorate that should be Labour's strongest base.  Somewhere down the road Labour will pay a high price for this.

by Fred in Vermont 2005-05-02 03:21AM | 0 recs
The way I though to fit
Labour was a bit authoritarian left and Lib Dem was similar but without the authoritarian tendencies, i.e. more liberal.
by MNPundit 2005-05-01 07:18PM | 0 recs
Re: The way I though to fit
Probably a good distinction to make. But even here, Labour's authoritarianism is a far cry from the GOP's brand.
by Ben P 2005-05-01 07:26PM | 0 recs
The news media follows you
So tell them that the election is
decided only by th e vote.
You have stated your preference in
an early mail - I would offer the best
way to trap the sophists and philistines
that helped start an unjust war from
across the sea - would be, to simply
starve them of their media-as-a-circus
approach to constant prediction and
eternal downplay of the act of voting.

Of course, that said - the analysis is
sound and correct. I think this prediction
will play out with a bar of about 4.

by turnerbroadcasting 2005-05-02 02:35AM | 0 recs
Not suprised, but still . . .
I pretty much agree with your prediction, although I think Labour may end up about 10 seats lower than you do.  It's still amazing to me that Blair can lie about Iraq, be Bush's "poodle," and pursue many domestic policies Margaret Thatcher would approve of, and the left still supports the party.  Unless their MP is particularly good, any self-respecting Labourite should vote for the Lib Dem in protest.
by Paleo 2005-05-02 06:08AM | 0 recs
Again, I disagree
Well, I don't know. I think too much is made of the idea that Blair is simply a Thatcherite. He operates, in terms of economic policy, in terms of a landscape CONSTRUCTED by Thatcher, but in American terms, his government is still progressive. His economic policies, if anything, would be to the left of say, a Howard Dean.

In terms of social and cultural policy is clearly to the left of Thatcher and of the modern conservative party.

People object to Blair being to timid and too willing to cater favor with the business community and Rupert Murdoch. These are reasonable criticisms: I think Blair could move more aggressively, but I also see his point of view as well. At the end of the day, most of moderate left in Britain sees Blair as good for Britain, certainly better than what was the alternative. Not perfect, but one has to govern successfully also

by Ben P 2005-05-02 08:10AM | 0 recs
Tony Blair has his strengths
There was some very unpopular sentiment levied
against him. This election is
likely hardly a referendum on the war,
for the Britishers.

The point can be made: America is by a huge
margin the largest presence in Iraq.

The fact that GB signed on, no problem.
They are not as exposed as we are, IMHO.

by turnerbroadcasting 2005-05-02 06:56AM | 0 recs
my prediction
I'm gonna guess that the tide rises for the LD's a bit more percentage wise, and a little less for Labour:

Labour - 36-37%, 360 to 370 MPs
Conservatives - 32%-33% 190 to 200 MPs
Liberal Dems - 24%-25% 70 to 75 MPs

by Jerome Armstrong 2005-05-02 07:34AM | 0 recs
Agree
That's pretty much where I come out.  Although 25% may be a bit of a reach for the Lib Dems.
by Paleo 2005-05-02 08:28AM | 0 recs

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